Marketing

1	brand	n. a particular make of product - to brand v. - branded adj.
2	consumer	n. the person who buys and uses a product or service - to consume v.
3	cost	v. [cost, costed, costed] to estimate the price of making a product - costing n.
4	develop	v. to create a new product or improve an existing one - product development n.
5	distribution	n. the delivering of products to end-users, inc. advertising, storing etc
6	end-user	n. the person, customer etc who is the ultimate (and so real) user of a product
7	image	n. the concept or perception of a firm or product held by the general public
8	label	n. small piece of paper, metal etc on a product giving information about it
9	launch	v. to introduce a new product, with publicity etc - product launch n.
10	mail order	n. the selling of goods by post - mail-order catalogue n.
11	market research	n. study of consumers’ needs & preferences, often for a particular product
12	packagingUK	n. the wrapping or container for a product
13	point of sale	n. the place where a product is actually sold to the public - point-of-sale adj.
14	product	n. something made to be sold; merchandise [includes services] - to produce v.
15	public relations	n. creation and maintenance of a good public image - public relations officer n.
16	registered	adj. registered or officially recorded as a trademark - ® abbr. - to register v.
17	sponsor	n. firm supporting an organisation in return for advertising space - also v.
18	S.W.O.T.	abbr. Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
19	total product	n. the whole product, inc. name, packaging, instructions, reliability, after-sales etc
20	trademark	n. special symbol, design, word etc used to represent a product or firm - " abbr.

Accounting 2

Key Terms

1.     ______________ The personnel, procedures, devices, and records used by an organization to develop accounting information and communicate that information to decision makers.

2.     ______________ An investigation of financial statements designed to determine their fairness in relation to generally accepted accounting principles.

3.     ______________ A position statement that shows where the company stands in financial terms at a specific date. (Also called the statement of financial position.)

4.     ______________ The clerical dimension of accounting that includes recording the routine transactions and day‑to‑day record keeping of an enterprise.

5.     ______________ The likelihood that an enterprise will be able to provide an investor with both a return on the investor’s investment and the return of that investment.

6.     ______________ An accountant who is licensed by a state after meeting rigorous education, experience, and examination requirements.

7.     ______________ Determining the cost of certain business activities and interpreting cost information.

8.     ______________ Individuals and other enterprises that have a financial interest in the reporting enterprise but that are not involved in the day‑to‑day operations of that enterprise (e.g., owners, creditors, labor unions, suppliers, customers).

9.     ______________ Providing information about the financial resources, obligations, and activities of an economic entity that is intended for use primarily by external decision makers – investors and creditors.

10.  ______________ A plan of financial operations for some future period.

11.  ______________ Principles that provide the framework for determining what information is to be included in financial statements and how that information is to be presented.

12.  ______________ An activity statement that shows details and results of the company’s profit‑related activities for a period of time.

13.  ______________ The qualities of complete, unbroken, unimpaired, sound, honest, and sincere.

14.  ______________ The study of internal control structure and evaluation of the efficiency of many different aspects of the enterprise’s operations.

15.  ______________ Measures used by an organization to guard against errors, waste, and fraud; to assure the reliability of accounting information; to promote compliance with management policies; and to evaluate the level of performance of all divisions of the company.

16.  ______________ Individuals who use accounting information from within an organization (for example, board of directors, chief financial officer, plant managers, store managers).

17.  ______________ Providing information that is intended primarily for use by internal management in decision making required to run the business.

18.  ______________The repayment to an investor of the amount originally invested in another enterprise.

19.  ______________ The payment of an amount (interest, dividends) for using another’s money.

20.  ______________ An activity statement that shows the details of the company’s activities involving cash during a period of time.

21.  ______________ Also called the balance sheet.

22. ______________ Preparation of income tax returns and anticipating the tax effects of business transactions and structuring them in such a way as to minimize the income tax burden.

Tax accounting  

Financial forecast

Financial accounting 

Statement of cash flows

Integrity

Cost accounting

Management accounting

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

Internal auditing

Cash flow prospects 

Certified Public Accountant

bookkeeping

Balance sheet

Return on investment

Audit

Internal control structure

income statement

accounting systems

Internal users

External users

return of investment

statement of financial position 

How to apologize -

How to apologize

Please ......... me for interrupting you, I didn't realize you were busy with someone else.

	(a)  forget
	(b)  forfeit
	(c)  forbid
	(d)  forgive

I'm very ......... that I'm late but there is a train strike on at the moment.

	(a)  sore
	(b)  sorry
	(c)  sorrow
	(d)  sorrowful

Please send my ......... to the meeting as I shan't be able to attend.

	(a)  apologies
	(b)  apologize
	(c)  apologized
	(d)  apologizing

There's really no ......... for my behaviour last night. I can only think that I'd had too much to drink.

	(a)  exception
	(b)  escape
	(c)  excuse
	(d)  exclusion

I know I shouldn't have made those remarks about your work and I hope you now know how deeply I ......... what I said.

	(a)  review
	(b)  regret
	(c)  respect
	(d)  restore

I must ......... your pardon, I mistook you for somebody else.

	(a)  bid
	(b)  bide
	(c)  beggar
	(d)  beg

If it helps to put things right, please let me take ......... everything I said earlier.

	(a)  again
	(b)  back
	(c)  in
	(d)  across

Please accept this small present as my way of making ......... for all the trouble I've caused.

	(a)  attempts
	(b)  attention
	(c)  amends
	(d)  arrears

All I can do now is simply beg your ......... and hope that in time we can get back to where we used to be.

	(a)  interest
	(b)  interpretation
	(c)  inclination
	(d)  indulgence

In their religion as long as they ........., they will be forgiven their sins.

	(a)  repent
	(b)  restore
	(c)  repeat
	(d)  request

http://www.english-test.net/esl/learn/english/grammar/ii064/esl-test.php

Accounting 1

ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION
Choose the best word to build compound nouns related to accounting and taxation.

1. Capital _____ are the buildings and machines owned by a business.
      stakes           shares              expenditures     assets                           goods
        

 

2. Capital _____ are profits made by selling buildings or machines.
      losses            gains                profits                          wins                 stakes
   
   

 

 

3. Capital _____ is money which is spent on buildings and equipment.
     expense          costs                return              investment       spending

 

 

4. A _____ account (US checking account) is a bank account which usually earns low interest and to which you have quick access.
     black                         bank                profit               current             credit
   
   
   
5. I can put this lunch on my _____ account. My employer will pay for it.
      costs                         expenditure      bank                expense            employer's
   
   
   
6. A _____ item is a single part of a financial statement giving details of the accounts of a company. (US English)
      row                           set                   line                  bad                  queue
   
   
   
7. A profit _____ is the difference between the amount of money that a company receives for a product and the amount which it has spent on it.
      interest         line                  sum                 mark                margin
   
   

 

8. A _____ packet (US ___ envelope) is an envelope containing a person's earnings.
      pay               purse                salary                           wage                employee
   
   

 

 

9. A _____ packet (US ___check) is the amount of money a person earns.
       salary            pay                 wage                fee                   prize
   
   
   

 

10. Petty _____ is a small amount of money kept in the company's office for buying cheap items.
       money          dollar               cash                 coin                 bank note
    
    

 

11. A profit _____ is the profit that can be made in a business after the costs have been deducted.
       plus               tax                   loss                 margin             gain
    
    
    
12. A sales _____ is the book which contains a list of all company sales arranged by date.
       journal          notebook          book                logging            note
    
    

 

13. Credit _____ systems make sure that debtors do not owe too much money.
       check            control             proof                 watch              restraint
    
    

 

 

14. _____ tax is the money that a person has to pay to the government, such as income tax.
       A high          An indirect       A direct            A government   A value added tax
    
    
    
15. Duty-_____ goods are luxury goods bought in special shops on which you do not pay tax.
       less                           fail                    friendly            free                  fiend

 

16.   The bank has lost $703 million as a result of bad _____.
    debts            loans                profit               loss                  customers

 

17.   A balance _____ is a statement that shows the value of a company's assets and its debts.
    paper            graph              sheet                line                  document

 

 

FINANCIAL TERMINOLOGY QUIZ

1.     He's an excellent doctor, but he doesn't _____ too much.

charge          fee     spend

2.     It was a very good dinner. Can we have the _____ please?

Receipt         bill      note

3.     Mary never carries cash with her and pays for everything by _____.

Receipt         tip      credit-card

4.     The old couple had only a small ___ to live on.

Wage           wealth          pension

5.     Fred didn't like the waitperson so he didn't leave a _____.

Receipt         tip                loan

6.     They wouldn't have been able to buy their camper without a bank ____.

Borrow         lend              loan

 

7.     The store won't change any merchandise without the original _____.

Receipt         credit-card    recipe

 

8.     The dime is such a small _____ that everyone dislikes it.

Tip               coin              note

9.     The apartment is not in very good condition so the _____ is low.

Rent             lease            hire

10. The cd-player has a twelve month _____.

Warrant        warranty       receipt

11. He keeps all his money and valuables in a _____ behind this painting.

Tip               box              safe

12. My friend Tom made his considerable _____ selling cars.

Wealthy        wealth          money

13. I've just bought a new _____ policy.

Insure          insurance               uninsured

14. Jane saves as much money as she can and tries to never spend a dime.

She is a ______.

Retired         miser            heir

15. My friend just inherited a lot of money and property. He is ______ to a great deal of wealth.

Miser            inherit           heir

16. Jack just became the boss at the bank. He is the bank's ______.

Advisor         manager       client

17. My father is past 65, he is now a ______ man.

Retired         pension        swindler

18. Someone who keeps or checks financial records for a company is a(n) _____.

Manager       accountant   swindler

19. I love to go shopping often. Most shops consider me a great _____.

Manager       customer      heir

20. If I need money from the bank, I go to a _____ to make a withdrawal.

Teller            lawyer          cashier

21. If you have any problems with your insurance policy you should see your _____.

Agent           teller             manager

22. People who like to buy and sell stocks are called _____.

Swindler       investors      heir

23. Unfortunately, I bought a piece of worthless junk from a _____ who told me it was a masterpiece.

Swindler       manager       miser

24. It's an excellent university, but the _____ are rather high.

Fares           fees             price

25. I made my _____ buying and selling stocks.

Fortune        treasure       wealthy

 

26. I bought this coat on sale. It was _____ $50.

on sale         decreased    reduced

27. There's a small studio to _____ in James Street.

Lent             hire              lease

28. I haven't got enough money for lunch. Could you _____ me some?

Borrow         let                lend

29. How much does she _____ in her position?

Gain             earn             pay

30. That house is too expensive. We can't _____ it.

Allow            afford           pay

 

VOCABULARY

 

Questions from 1 to 13

 

1. charge        
2. fee    
3. spend
4. Receipt
5. Bill
6. note
7. tip     
8. credit-card
9. Wage          
10. wealth                   
11. pension
12. loan
13. Borrow        
14. Lend
15. recipe
16. coin
17. Rent
18. Lease
19. hire
20. Warrant       
21. warranty
22. box             
23. safe
24. Wealthy
25. money